The characteristic function of rough Heston models

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The characteristic function of rough Heston models

Omar El Euch
Mathieu Rosenbaum
Published on 9/7/2016
Options
Derivatives
Machine learning
Volatility effect
Volatility premium

This paper derives the characteristic function of the log-price in rough Heston models, where the volatility process is driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H = α - 1/2 ∈ (0, 1/2). The authors use a novel approach based on nearly unstable Hawkes processes, which provide microstructural foundations for rough volatility. They construct a sequence of bi-dimensional Hawkes processes whose intensities converge to the rough Heston volatility dynamics. By analyzing the characteristic function of these point processes and taking a suitable limit, they obtain an explicit formula for the characteristic function of the log-price in the rough Heston model. The formula retains the exponential-affine structure of the classical Heston model, but the ordinary Riccati equation is replaced by a fractional Riccati equation involving a fractional derivative of order α. This fractional Riccati equation can be solved numerically using a predictor-corrector scheme, enabling efficient calibration and pricing. The results bridge the gap between rough volatility models and practical derivatives pricing, showing that the computational complexity remains manageable despite the non-Markovian nature of fractional volatility.

Highlights

  • 1Derives the characteristic function of the log-price in rough Heston models, extending the classical Heston result to fractional volatility.
  • 2Establishes a connection between nearly unstable Hawkes processes and rough Heston models, providing microstructural foundations.
  • 3Shows that the characteristic function involves a fractional Riccati equation, replacing the ordinary Riccati equation in the classical case.
  • 4Provides a numerical scheme for solving the fractional Riccati equation, enabling efficient pricing in rough Heston models.

Methods

  • M
    Hawkes process approximation: Constructs a sequence of bi-dimensional Hawkes processes that converge to the rough Heston model.
  • M
    Fractional calculus: Uses fractional derivatives and integrals (Riemann-Liouville) to derive the fractional Riccati equation.
  • M
    Limit theorems: Applies weak convergence results to obtain the characteristic function from the limiting point process.
  • M
    Numerical solution of fractional Riccati equation: Employs a predictor-corrector scheme for efficient computation.

Results

  • R
    The characteristic function of the log-price in rough Heston models has the same exponential-affine form as in the classical Heston model.
  • R
    The Riccati equation for the auxiliary function h is replaced by a fractional Riccati equation of order α ∈ (1/2,1).
  • R
    The fractional Riccati equation can be solved numerically using a predictor-corrector method, with explicit formulas for the Mittag-Leffler kernel.
  • R
    Numerical examples show that the rough Heston model produces volatility surfaces with realistic skew and smile, and the characteristic function approach is computationally efficient.
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