Large Language Model in Financial Regulatory Interpretation
Large Language Model in Financial Regulatory Interpretation
This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as analytical tools for interpreting complex financial regulations, specifically focusing on the Basel III capital requirements. The authors develop a systematic framework that includes prompt engineering, document loading methods, and iterative task decomposition to guide LLMs in extracting key regulatory elements and performing mathematical calculations. Through a case study on market risk capital requirements, they demonstrate that GPT-4 outperforms other models (GPT-3.5, Claude-3, Gemini-1.5) in identifying risk buckets, risk weights, correlations, and executing calculations, achieving 95% accuracy in the latter. The study also finds that image-based document loading significantly improves accuracy over PDF loading, and that detailed prompts are crucial for complex tasks. The framework aims to streamline regulatory compliance for financial institutions, particularly smaller ones with limited resources. The paper concludes by discussing ethical considerations such as data privacy, transparency, and fairness, and suggests future research directions including integration with larger datasets and stress testing.
Highlights
- 1Proposes a novel framework using LLMs to interpret complex financial regulations like Basel III into mathematical frameworks and actionable code.
- 2Demonstrates that GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5, Claude-3, and Gemini-1.5 in identifying key regulatory elements and performing mathematical calculations.
- 3Shows that image-based document loading significantly improves LLM accuracy over PDF loading for regulatory texts with formulas and tables.
- 4Develops a systematic prompt engineering method that substantially enhances LLM performance in complex regulatory interpretation tasks.
- 5Validates the approach through a case study on Basel III market risk capital requirements, achieving 95% accuracy in calculations with GPT-4.
Methods
- MPrompt engineering with key elements: role definition, input, goal, method, and significance.
- MDocument loading comparison: PDF vs. image-based upload for LLM analysis.
- MIterative task decomposition: breaking complex regulatory tasks into smaller objectives (risk classification, sensitivity calculation, aggregation, capital requirement calculation).
- MComparative evaluation of LLMs (GPT-4, GPT-3.5, Claude-3, Gemini-1.5) on accuracy in identifying buckets, risk weights, correlations, and performing calculations.
Results
- RGPT-4 achieved 85% accuracy in bucket identification, 100% in risk weights, 96.5% in correlations, and 95% in mathematical calculations.
- RClaude-3-Opus achieved 82.5% in buckets, 100% in risk weights, 97.5% in correlations, but only 38% in calculations.
- RImage-based document loading improved correlation identification accuracy from 68% (PDF) to 96.5% for GPT-4, and from 76.5% to 97.5% for Claude-3.
- RDetailed prompts significantly outperformed naive prompts: bucket accuracy rose from 65.5% to 85%, correlation accuracy from 30% to 96.5%.
- RGPT-3.5 and Gemini-1.5 showed poor performance, with GPT-3.5 achieving 0% in calculations and correlations.
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